Question

Describe the following:
i.Acetylation
ii.Cannizzaro reaction
iii.Cross aldol condensation
iv.Decarboxylation

Answer 1

Hint: In chemistry, two types of compounds are organic and inorganic. Organic compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Carbon has a high catenation property, due to it, there are many organic compounds available in nature.

Complete answer:
Acetylation - It is a type of chemical reaction that explains the acetyl functional group into a chemical compound. These compounds are also known as acetates or acetate esters.
It has an opposite reaction that is known as Deacetylation. In this reaction, the acetyl group removes from the chemical compound.

Cannizzaro reaction - It is a kind of chemical reaction that adds base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of non-enolizable aldehyde. It gives primary alcohol and carboxylic acid.
It first came into the news in$1853$, when benzyl alcohol and potassium benzoate reacted.
$2{C_6}{H_5}CHO + KOH \to {C_6}{H_5}C{H_2}OH + {C_6}{H_5}COOK$
Before discussing the cross aldol condensation, first look at aldol condensation.

Aldol condensation - It is a condensation reaction in which enol and carbonyl compounds react and -hydroxy aldehyde forms. This reaction occurs in organic chemistry.

Cross aldol condensation - In this reaction two different molecules of aldehyde or ketone take part. And when condensation reaction happens between two different carbonyl compounds is known as cross aldol condensation.

Decarboxylation - It is also known as a reaction regarding carboxylic acids. In this reaction, the carboxyl group removes and carbon dioxide produces. It removes carbon atoms from the carbon chain.
Example - $RC{O_2}H \to RH + C{O_2}$


Note:Acetylation has another name according to IUPAC name that is Ethanoylation. Cannizzaro reaction name is based on the name of an Italian chemist that is Stanislao Cannizzaro. Aldol reaction happens in organic compounds because it provides a carbon-carbon bond.