Question

Describe the epigeal and hypogeal germination. Give the main difference between the two types of germination.

Answer 1

Hint: Germination is the process that initiates from the imbibition of water from a dry seed to a portion of the embryo that penetrates the seed coat. In the epigeal process, the hypocotyl elongates while the epicotyl remains the same in length. In the hypogeal process, epicotyl grows, while the hypocotyl remains the same in length.

Complete answer:
Epigeal germination indicates the germination of plants that pushes the cotyledons above the ground. However, Hypogeal germination implies that the cotyledons stay below the ground. The difference between the epigeal and hypogeal germination –

Epigeal germination	Hypogeal germination
In this type of germination, the cotyledons originate from the soil surface.	In this type of germination, cotyledons remain inside the soil surface.
The cotyledons come out of the ground by the excessive growth of hypocrisy.	In this process, the epicotyl grows and takes the plumule above the soil.
To protect the plumule from the friction of soil, the terminal part of hypocotyl gets curved.	Here, the terminal part of epicotyl gets curved to protect the plumule from friction.
For the growth, Energy is derived from the cotyledons.	Energy is primarily derived from the endosperm for growth.
The cotyledons turn into green and act as the first leaf of the plant that performs photosynthesis.	In this method, cotyledons do not play any role in photosynthesis.
The example includes bean and castor.	The examples include pea, maize, and coconut.

Note: There are some similarities between both Epigeal and hypogeal germination
-The epicotyl is curved to reduce damage to the plumule.
-Both needed water as an essential component.
-They are described by the relative position of the cotyledons to the soil during germination.