Question

Describe the different methods by which the concentration of Hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 1

Hint :The chemical compound hydrogen peroxide has the formula $ {H_2}{O_2} $ . It's a very pale blue liquid that's somewhat more viscous than water in its purest state. It's a bleaching agent, an oxidant, and an antiseptic.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Hydrogen peroxide concentration. Any method for obtaining hydrogen peroxide results in a dilute solution. Because it is fragile and decomposes when heated, great care must be given when concentrating its solution. $ \;\;\;2{H_2}{O_2} \to 2{H_2}O + {O_2} $
The decomposition of $ {H_2}{O_2} $ is catalyzed by the ions of heavy metals present as impurities. The solution of $ {H_2}{O_2} $ ​is concentrated by the following methods.
(1)Using a water bath and cautious evaporation. In the evaporation dish, a dilute solution of $ {H_2}{O_2} $ is heated to $ 313 - 323K $ . Water progressively evaporates, yielding a $ 45 - 50\% $ strength hydrogen peroxide solution.
(2) Using a vacuum desiccator to dehydrate. The dilute $ \left( {50\% {\text{ }}} \right) $ $ {H_2}{O_2} $ solution obtained is concentrated further by placing it in a vacuum desiccator with concentrated $ {H_2}S{O_4} $ as a dehydrating agent. Concentrated sulfuric acid absorbs water vapours here. The diagram depicts this.
(3) Distillation at a lower pressure. By distilling the hydrogen peroxide solution under reduced pressure, it can be further concentrated. Under a lowered pressure of $ 15{\text{ }}mm{\text{ }}Hg $ , the solution is distilled at $ 308{\text{ - }}313K $ . The water in the solution evaporates, leaving a $ 98.99\% $ concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution left.
(4) As a result of crystallisation. By freezing $ {H_2}{O_2} $ in a freezing mixture of solid $ C{O_2} $ and ether, the remaining vestiges of water are eliminated. The hydrogen peroxide crystals separate. To achieve $ 100\% $ pure hydrogen-peroxide, these crystals are removed, dried, and remelted.
(5) Hydrogen peroxide storage. Before storing hydrogen peroxide, a little amount of acetanilide (a negative catalyst) is added to check for breakdown. Because hydrogen peroxide is a highly unstable liquid, it cannot be concentrated by distillation at ordinary pressure because it decomposes into water and oxygen. It decomposes even when left out for a long time or heated.

Note :
Hydrogen peroxide is a common antiseptic for cleaning minor cuts and disinfecting surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide is a staple in many medicine cabinets and first-aid kits due to its versatility, and it is readily available at most drug stores.