Question

Describe the development of female gametophyte in Angiosperms.

Answer 1

Hint: This is also known as the embryo sac or megagametophyte, developed within the ovule, which remains embedded within the ovary of the carpel.

Complete answer:
Within sporophytic tissues, the angiosperm gametophytes develop that constitute the sexual parts or organs of the flower. The female gametophyte of angiosperm is critical for plant reproduction. Female gametophyte development begins early in ovule development with the formation of a diploid megaspore cell that undergoes meiosis.
On resulting in a haploid megaspore the megaspore cell produces four megaspores, under which only one megaspore is functional and the other three remain degenerate. The nuclei of the functional megaspore divide mitotically into 2 nuclei and go to the other end. Another two mitotic cell divisions occur to make 4 nucleate and then 8 nucleate embryo sac. After the completion of the 8 nucleate stage, the cell walls are arranged and the female gametophyte is formed.
The mature female gametophyte secretes peptides that guide the plant part structure to the embryo sac and contains protein complexes that prevent seed development before fertilization. Post-fertilization, the feminine gametophyte influences seed development through maternal-effect genes and by regulating parental contributions. Spores undergo cell proliferation and differentiation to become gametophytes.

Note:
-The main function of the gametophyte generation is to supply haploid gametes.
-The method by which the 'megaspore mother cell' converted into the megaspore is named the megasporogenesis.
-The 'megaspore mother cell' contains a nucleus and a dense cytoplasm is contained by the ‘megaspore mother cell’.