Question

Describe the contribution of Fleming , Ernest Chain and Florey within the field of microbiology.

Answer 1

Hint: Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, like bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. This discipline includes fundamental research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to those agents.

Complete answer:
Penicillin was the primary antibiotic discovered in history. It had been discovered by Fleming in 1928. Ernest Chain and Florey were ready to produce enough Penicillin in 1940 to experiment with its effects on mice.

Both of them with the assistance of Oxford University and a few other companies were ready to successfully complete the trial and make antibiotics for injured troops in war II. Finally, they shared the Nobel prize with Fleming .

He transferred the mould to broth, which he found had such a robust effect on bacteria that even when diluted many times, the penicillin completely prevented bacterial growth. This mould belonged to the Penicillium group of moulds, and he therefore named the broth, and later the substance itself, penicillin.
Ernest Chain and Florey went on to purify and extract penicillin, enabling it to be produced in large amounts to treat many various bacterial diseases.

Note: He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mould culture prevented growth of staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance penicillin. Sir Alexander wrote numerous papers on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy, including original descriptions of lysozyme and penicillin.