Question

Describe the concept of single-cell protein.

Answer 1

Hint: Single cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins refers to edible unicellular microorganisms. The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeast, fungi or bacteria may be used as an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods for human consumption or as animal feeds.

Complete Answer:
- Production Process: SCP develops when microbes ferment waste materials. With electric food processes, the inputs are electricity, \[C{O_2}\] and trace minerals and chemicals such as fertilizer. The SCP must be dehydrated to approximately 10% moisture content and acidified to aid in storage and prevent spoilage.
- The methods to increase the concentration to adequate levels and the dewatering process require equipment that is expensive and not always suitable for small scale operations. It is economically prudent to feed the product locally and soon after it is produced.
Properties:
(i) Microbial biomass production is independent of seasonal and climatic variations and can be easily shielded from extreme weather events that are expected to cause crop failures with the ongoing climate change. Light-independent microorganisms such as yeast can continue to grow at night.
(ii) Unlike agricultural products which are processed towards the desired quality, it is easier with microorganisms to direct production towards the desired quality.

Note: Though SCP is a boon to modern applied biology, there is a problem with extracting single-cell protein. It is mainly the dilution and the high cost. They are also found in very low concentration usually less than 5%.