Question

Describe the characteristics of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms in plants.

Answer 1

Hint: Angiosperms are the flowering plants that bear seeds within closed cases, called fruits. They are the most highly evolved plants and they exhibit vast diversity in form, size, habit, adaptations, and so on. Gymnosperms are simple seed-bearing plants without flowers. They possess naked ovules.

Complete answer:
The Characteristics of Angiosperms are:
1)The body of an angiosperm is distinctly differentiated into several organs such as roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
2)There is a well-coordinated division of labor among these organs, and each organ is uniquely specialized for specific functions.
3)Most of the angiosperms are herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, etc.
4)The chief water and mineral conducting Xylem element is a vessel.
5) The chief food conducting Phloem element is the sieve tube.
 Endosperm has triploid cells.
6)The angiosperms are divided into two groups, on the basis of the number of cotyledons present in the seed. They are; Dicotyledonous or Dicot plants and Monocotyledonous or Monocots Plants.
Characteristics of Gymnosperms:
1)Most of the living gymnosperms are evergreen trees or shrubs with xerophytic adaptations.
2)The plant body is sporophytic and is differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves.
3)Taproot system is present. Roots of some plants have a symbiotic relationship with algae or fungi.
4)Stem is usually erect, profusely branched, and woody. In Zamia it is tuberous.
5)There is a distinct alternation between sporophytic and gametophytic generations. The diploid sporophytic phase is dominant whereas the haploid gametophytic phase is reduced and dependent on the sporophytic phase.
6)There are three classes of Gymnosperms -Cycadopsida, Coniferopsida, and Gnetopsida.

Additional Information:
-Angiosperms range from very small duck-weeds to huge Eucalyptus trees.
-Flower is a modified shoot specialized for sexual reproduction.
-Flower can be considered as a shoot, modified for special purposes.

Note:
 -Gymnosperms are the most ancient group of seed plants. Most of the living gymnosperms are evergreen trees or shrubs with xerophytic adaptations.
-Gymnosperms are heterosporous. Megasporangia and microsporangia occur on mega and microsporophylls respectively.
-These sporophylls usually aggregate to form compact vibes and strobili.