Question

Define the following terms with a suitable example of each:
(a) Tranquilizers
(b) Antibiotics
(c) Non-ionic detergents

Answer 1

Hint: To relieve stress, we use tranquilizers. To inhibit bacterial growth, we use antibiotics. Non-ionic detergents lack ions in their structure.

Complete answer:
(a) Tranquilizers represent a class of chemical compounds that can be used to treat stress, mental diseases (mild to even severe in nature). Thus, tranquilizers act as sedatives but they do not induce sleep. You can write Equanil and phenelzine as examples of tranquilizers.
(b) Antibiotics represent substances that can be used in low concentration to inhibit bacterial (or microorganismal) growth or to destroy the theme by interfering with metabolism of bacteria or microorganism. You can write tetracycline and ofloxacin as examples of antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against a wide variety of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.
(c) Non-ionic detergents are those detergents in which no ions are present in their structure.
You can form a non-ionic detergent from the reaction of stearic acid with polyethylene glycol.

Note: Hypnotics and sedatives are tranquilizers. You can classify antibiotics into broad spectrum antibiotics and narrow spectrum antibiotics. You can classify detergents into cationic detergents, anionic detergents and non-ionic detergents. Cationic detergents include quaternary ammonium salts of chlorides, bromides and acetates. Sodium alkyl sulphates and sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates are anionic detergents. Esters of high molecular weight alcohols are non-ionic detergents.