Question

Define the following terms
(i)-Mole fraction
(ii)-Isotonic solutions
(iii)-Van't Hoff factor
(iv)-ideal solutions

Answer 1

Hint: Solutions are very important in our daily lives. Types of solutions, representation of concentration of solutions are all used intensively by chemists. Mole fraction is a dimensionless quantity.


Complete step by step solution:
Let’s see what the different definitions are
-Mole fraction: It is the ratio of moles of a component (solute) of a solution to the total number of moles of the solvent and solute.

Suppose, n is the moles of solute and N is the moles of solvent
Then, \[{{X}_{n}}=\dfrac{n}{n+N}\] where, \[{{X}_{n}}\]is the mole fraction of solute
-Isotonic solutions: These are the solutions having the same concentration on either side of the separating membrane. If we take 2 solutions in a beaker and separate them with a membrane and if both the solutions have the same concentration then they are said to be isotonic solutions.
-Van't Hoff factor: It is the ratio of the actual colligative property of a substance produced when dissolved to the observed colligative property calculated using mass of the substance. It is represented by ‘i’.
-Ideal solutions: The solution which follows the Rault’s law at all conditions of temperature and pressure is called an ideal solution.
So, we have understood what all the terms mean.

Note: Isotonic solution is a relative term and can be explained by osmotic pressure.
Mole fraction is a temperature independent quantity and is widely used in quantitative analysis.
Forces of attraction present in the solutions cause changes in actual and observed colligative properties.