Question

Define momentum of a body. On what factors does the momentum of a body depend?

Answer 1

Hint : Momentum is a measure of the velocity of a moving object. Higher the velocity, the higher the momentum. Higher the mass of the object, the higher the momentum. It can also be related to force by Newton's second law of motion.

Formula Used:
The formula for linear momentum is given as,
 $ \Rightarrow p = m \times v $
where, $ p $ is the linear momentum, $ m $ is the mass of the object, $ v $ is the velocity of the object.
The formula for angular momentum is given as,
 $ \Rightarrow L = I\omega $
where, $ L $ is the angular momentum, $ I $ is the moment of inertia, $ \omega $ is the angular velocity.

Complete step by step answer
Momentum can be linear or angular.
Linear Momentum can be defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
Linear momentum can be written as
 $ \Rightarrow p = m \times v $
It can be related to force by Newton's second law of motion as Force is equal to the rate of change of momentum.
Mathematically, it can be written as
 $ \Rightarrow \vec F = \dfrac{{d\vec p}}{{dt}} $
Angular momentum can be defined as the product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity.
It can be written as
 $ \Rightarrow L = I\omega $
Momentum is always used as a measure of the velocity of the particle.
Experimentally, it is always easy and preferable to measure the momentum rather than the velocity of the particle. Once the momentum of the particle is measured, we can easily calculate the velocity by dividing it by the mass of the particle.

Additional Information
Like mass, energy, momentum is also a conserved quantity, but it has a certain condition. For the conservation of linear Momentum, it is required that there is no external force acting on the particle. Similarly, for the conservation of angular momentum, it is required that torque acting on the system is zero.

Note
It is always preferable that you understand the concept of momentum and what it represents rather than just remembering the formula. For example, by understanding Newton’s second law of motion, you can easily relate the acceleration of an object and its momentum.