Question

Define malnutrition.

Answer 1

Hint: We can understand malnutrition as deficiencies, imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. By the term malnutrition, we cover 2 broad groups of conditions. First one is undernutrition, which includes stunting (low height for age), micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals), wasting (low weight for height), and underweight (low weight for age). The other is overweight, which comprises obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases, such as stroke, heart disease, diabetes and cancer.

Complete answer:
As we already discussed, the term 'malnutrition' and 'undernutrition' are often used freely and interchangeably. Malnutrition means all deviations from adequate as well as optimal nutritional status, including energy undernutrition and overnutrition (remember, obesity is a form of malnutrition). We use ‘undernutrition' term for generally poor nutritional status, but it also implies underfeeding. Malnutrition can arise from many deficiencies of specific nutrients or diets based on inappropriate combinations of foods; for example, goitre, anaemia, scurvy and xerophthalmia are forms of malnutrition.

Undernutrition is caused mainly by not adequate intake of dietary energy, regardless of whether the limiting factor is other specific nutrients.

Additional information
Depression and anxiety are the main signs of overnutrition are overweight and obesity, and can also lead to nutrient deficiencies. Overweight and obesity can result from an overconsumption of fast and processed foods which are high in fat and calories but low in other nutrients

Note: The signs and symptoms of malnutrition depend on its type. Ability to recognize the effects of malnutrition can help healthcare providers and people to identify and treat issues related to under- or overnutrition. Undernutrition can show signs as: Weight loss, Loss of fat and muscle mass, sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, swollen stomach, dry hair and skin, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, delayed wound healing, Irritability.