Question

Define differentiation.
A. Process of dividing of cells
B. Process of dividing to take up specific functions
C. Process of taking up temporary functions
D. Process of taking up permanent shape and function by the cell

Answer 1

Hint: Differentiation can be defined as a process in which the cell takes up different shapes to perform different functions. In addition to it, the cells which undergo differentiation have the ability to perform different roles that help in the development of the organism.

Complete step by step answer: The process in which a less specialized cell develops or matures to become more distinct in form and function is called differentiation. It can also be referred to as cellular differentiation. For example, the foetus which is developed from a single cell zygote after cellular differentiation is a complex multisystem. Each cell of foetus is designed to perform different functions and after maturation, they gain a permanent shape. In plants, the meristematic tissue has the ability to divide and differentiate into different cells. These differentiated cells are further specialized to perform specific functions. These cells attain a particular permanent shape during the growth and maturation phase. Differentiation does not only mean the process of the dividing cells but it is also a process in which cells are differentiated to take up specific functions.
So, option D is the correct answer as differentiation means both the process of division of cells to gain permanent shape and take up specific functions by the cell.

Note: The cell totipotency is responsible for the cells to grow and differentiate into different cells taking up specific functions. The term totipotent refers to the cell that can differentiate into all types of cells which also include the placental tissue. The word pluripotent means a cell that can differentiate into all types of cells of the adult organism. These cells in plants are known as meristematic cells and in animals, it is known as embryonic stem cells.