Question

Darwin’s Theory of Natural selection was based on
A. Inheritance of acquired characters
B. Mutation
C. Enormous rate of reproduction in organisms, struggle for existence and survival of the fittest
D. Change due to use and disuse of organ

Answer 1

Hint: As we know that theories of evolution were proposed by two scientists one is Jean Lamarck and another Charles Darwin. Darwin proposed and provided the evidence for the scientific theory that all species have evolved over time from one or a few common ancestors through the process of natural selection.

Complete answer:
As we are well aware that Lamarck published his theory of use and misuse of organs or the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. And according to this theory the ecological conditions in which an organism lives causes it to have certain needs which are met by modification of old organs or by productions of new rudimentary organs.
By continuous use of these organs, they may increase in size and functional capacity and by their disuse they may be generated and become lost. And character changes brought about by the environment become hereditary and thus can be passed onto the next generation.
Darwin proposed and provided the evidence for the scientific theory that all species have evolved over time from one or a few common ancestors through the process of natural selection.
He first stated that variation exists among individuals of a species and second, he stated that scarcity of resources in a burgeoning population would lead to competition between individuals of the same species. Which he called the struggle for existence.
Such competition would lead to the death of some individuals while others would survive. From this reasoning Darwin concluded that individuals having advantageous variations are more likely to survive and reproduce which he called the survival of the fittest.

Therefore, from the above explanation the correct answer is (C).

Note:
According to Darwin all species have great potential fertility that their population size would increase exponentially and as natural resources are limited the further reproduction of individuals will lead to its scarcity and thus competition would occur between individuals and survival of the fittest is more likely the result.