Question

Crude oil is purified using a fractional distillation process. This method works on the principle of:
A) Differences in the masses of the components
B) Differences in the volume of the component
C) Differences in the boiling point of the components
D) Their solubility in water

Answer 1

Hint: The answer to this question includes the fact that these are the industrial process which is based on factors of the feed, heat, ambient temperature or condensing. The answer lies in this sentence.

Complete step by step answer:
In the previous chapters of chemistry we have come across the various processes of separating techniques.
Among these separating techniques, fractional distillation also plays a major role commercially for small- scale as well as large- scale industries.
- Fractional distillation is the technique which makes use of principle that heating a mixture to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the will be vaporized and are separated in the form of fractions.
- This is the most common type of technique used in the petroleum refineries, petrochemical and natural gas processing etc.
- This process works on the ambient temperature, generally the component parts the boiling points which differs by less than room temperature that is ${{25}^{0}}C$ from each other .
- The distillation is operated at a continuous steady state and new feed is always being added to the distillation column and products are removed continuously.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.

Note: Note the main point that crude oil is a mixture of Vaseline, petrol, diesel etc. and this crude oil is also called ‘Black gold” and not to be confused about it when the question is asked by substituting different terms from the original term.