Question

Condition of concentration of ketone body urine is
A) Turner’s syndrome
B) Sickle cell anaemia
C) Acromegaly
D) Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

Hint: The Ketones or ketone bodies are the substances that are generated in one’s body when the person goes into fasting, starvation or have done intense physical exercise. The ketone body is a major source of starvation and is produced in the liver by gluconeogenesis.

Complete answer:
Ketone bodies presence in urine is a serious condition in diabetes mellitus. It is a condition in which the blood sugar level increases due to the insufficient or ineffective insulin secreted by the Langerhans cells of the pancreas. In diabetes, the cell does not get its nutrients but actually, the blood has nutrients, the mediator that provides the nutrients from blood to the cell that is insulin is deficient in diabetes mellitus and leads to an increase in ketone bodies.

Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a female is born with the one functional X chromosome only and has a total of 45 chromosomes in that individual.

Sickle cell anaemia is a disorder of the blood that is caused by a single gene mutation that results in the substitution of glutamic acid by valine at the sixth position of the globin chain of haemoglobin. It is also known as an autosomal linked recessive trait. This leads to the formation of red blood cells in sickle shape when oxygen deprivation will occur.

Acromegaly is the condition that affects middle-aged persons by excessive secretions of the growth hormone that is released by the pituitary gland. This leads to a very much increase in the size of hands and feet in a disproportionate manner and the facial bones also get enlarged.

So, the correct answer is the (D) i.e, Diabetes Mellitus that shows the ketone body presence in urine.

Note: Ketone bodies found in the body are of three types, acetoacetyl, hydroxybutyrate and acetone. Acetone is gaseous form and found least in the body. It is formed in the body whenever the fatty rich diet is taken. The range of normal ketone found in blood is 0.5-3.0mg/dl.