Question

Complete the following equation-
\[PC{l_5} + {H_2}O\xrightarrow{{}}\]?

Answer 1

Hint: For oxidative chlorinations on the laboratory scale, sulfuryl chloride is often preferred over \[PC{l_5}\] since the gaseous $S{O_2}$ by-product is readily separated. Phosphorus pentachloride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous\[HCl\].

Complete answer:
\[PC{l_5} + {H_2}O \to POC{l_3} + 2HCl\]
As we know that phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula\[PC{l_5}\]. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides, others being \[PC{l_3}\] and \[POC{l_3}\]. \[PC{l_5}\] finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colorless, water-sensitive and moisture-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
In its most characteristic reaction, $PC{l_5}$ reacts upon contact with water to release hydrogen chloride and give phosphorus oxides. The first hydrolysis product is phosphorus oxychloride:
\[PC{l_5} + {H_2}O \to POC{l_3} + 2HCl\]
In hot water, hydrolysis proceeds completely to orthophosphoric acid:
\[PC{l_5} + 4{H_2}O\xrightarrow{{}}{H_3}P{O_4} + 5HCl\]
Phosphorus pentachloride is a Lewis acid. This property underpins many of its characteristic reactions, autoionization, chlorinations, hydrolysis. A well studied adduct is \[PC{l_5}\] (pyridine). Both \[PC{l_3}\] and \[PC{l_5}\] convert \[{R_3}COH\] groups to the chloride \[{R_3}CCl\]. The pentachloride is however a source of chlorine in many reactions. It chlorinates allylic and benzylic CH bonds. \[PC{l_5}\] bears a greater resemblance to \[S{O_2}C{l_2}\], also a source of $C{l_2}$. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in $0.54$ minutes.

Note:
We have to know that the phosphorus pentachloride is used as a chlorinating agent in organic chemistry. In the pharmaceutical industry it is used in the manufacture of penicillin and cephalosporin. It is also used to produce acid chlorides and as a catalyst for cyclization and condensation reactions.