Question

What is complementary DNA (cDNA)?
(a)A sequence of DNA as it is found in the genome.
(b)Any sequence of cloned DNA.
(c)DNA made from a mature mRNA template.
(d)DNA made through the polymerase chain reaction.

Answer 1

Hint: This single-stranded nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis. Based on the DNA template in the nucleus this is synthesized.

Complete answer:
The complementary DNA is made from a mature single-stranded mRNA template in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The complementary DNA is denoted as cDNA. The cDNA is often used to clone eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes. cDNA is also used to study gene expression via methods such as the sequencing of RNA.

Additional Information:
-To express a specific protein in a cell that has not been expressed normally in the cell, the scientists will transfer the cDNA that codes for the protein to the recipient cell.
-In biology, cDNA is additionally generated to research transcriptomic profiles in bulk tissue, single cells, or single nuclei in assays like microarrays and RNA-seq.
-cDNA is additionally produced naturally by retroviruses like HIV-1, HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus, etc. and then it gets integrated into the host's genome, where it creates a provirus.
-In bioinformatics, the term cDNA refers to an mRNA transcript's sequence, expressed as DNA bases (GCAT) instead of RNA bases (GCAU).
-cDNA additionally wants to study organic phenomena via methods like RNA-seq.
-For sequencing, RNA must be fragmented due to sequencing platform size limitations.
-Additionally, second-strand synthesized cDNA must be ligated with adapters that allow cDNA fragments to be PCR amplified and bind to sequencing flow cells.
-Some viruses also use cDNA to turn their viral RNA into mRNA and then the mRNA is used to make viral proteins to take over the host cell. Then the entire process will be as follows viral RNA → cDNA → mRNA.

So, the correct answer is,’ DNA made from a mature mRNA template’.

Note:
-For cDNA synthesis, the mRNA serves as a template.
-Complementary DNA is often used in the cloning of genes.
In bioinformatics, the term cDNA refers to an mRNA transcript's sequence, expressed as DNA bases (GCAT) rather than RNA bases (GCAU).