Question

Who coined the term action and passive absorption
A. Kramer
B. Deutrochet
C. Priestly
D. Renner

Answer 1

Hint: Passive absorption is defined as the absorption of the different material in direction of the concentration that is from the high concentration to the low concentration and the energy used in this process is zero.
Active absorption is defined as the absorption of different material against the concentration gradient that is from its lower concentration to it’s higher concentration and energy is used in this process this is known as active absorption.

Complete answer: 1. The active and passive absorption of different substances completely depends on the concentration gradient of the solute dissolved in the solvent and the set thing is the use of energy in this process.
2. To move a particle against its concentration gradient we have to spend some energy on it to move it from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
3. Renner a botanist gives the term active and passive absorption during its study on the plant for the transpirational water loss in the different plants.
4. Renner was the first who gave this term in 1912 during his study on plants. He said that in the ascent of sap the flow of water from the soil to the roots is passive absorption that with any energy consumption whereas the flow of water in the xylem tissue of the plant from the roots to the leaves is against the gravity.

So, option D is correct.

Note: The ion movement in the root cells of the plants is active movement as the concentration of ions is higher inside the cells and lower in the soil so it will consume energy for the movement of ions.