Question

Classify the enzyme based on the types of reaction they catalyse.

Answer 1

Hint: Enzymes basically are proteins which act as biological catalysts. Catalysts are those which increase the rate of chemical reactions. The substances on which enzymes act are known as substrates and convert the substrates into various molecules known as products.

Complete Answer:
Enzymes are classified into six functional classes and classification based on the type of reaction in which they are used to catalyze. The six types of enzymes are hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases.
1. Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions. EX: pyruvate dehydrogenase, catalysing the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A.
2. Transferases: Catalyze transferring of the chemical group. EX: transaminase that transfers an amino group.
3. Hydrolases: Catalyze the hydrolysis of a bond. EX: the enzyme pepsin hydrolyzes peptide bonds.
4. Lyases: Catalyze the breakage of bonds without catalysis. EX: aldolase catalyzes the splitting of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate into two molecules glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
5. Isomerases: Catalyze the formation of an isomer of a compound. EX: phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate.
6. Ligases: Catalyzes the association of two molecules. EX: DNA ligase catalyzes the joining of two fragments of DNA.

Note: Enzymes are present in all tissues and fluids of the body and helps in catalysis of all reactions in metabolic pathways. The levels of enzymes in our body are vital elements in clinical diagnosis because of their role in maintaining life processes.