Question

Choose the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a. Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA.
b. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus.
c. Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA.
d. Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid.

Answer 1

Hint: Prokaryotes have no nucleus instead; they have a nucleoid region in the cell and Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Nucleoids perform all functions of the nucleus in Prokaryotes. Nucleoids also have their own DNA like a nucleus.

Complete answer:
A prokaryote is a cellular organism that lacks an envelope enclosed nucleus. The word Prokaryote comes from the Greek ‘pro’ means ‘before’ and ‘karuon’ means ‘nut or kernel’. There are two main types of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea.

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope. The word Eukaryote comes from the Greek ‘Eu’ means ‘well’ or ‘good’ and ‘karuon’ means ‘nut’ or ‘kernel’. Eukaryotes represent a small number of living organisms; because of their generally much larger size, their worldwide biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes.

A Nucleoid is a region within a prokaryotic cell that contains most of all of the genetic material. This material is called the genephore or the prokaryotic chromosome. DNA is found in both nucleus as well as nucleoid. And hence, the functions of the nucleus and nucleoid are almost the same. so, their structure and organisation of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are different in many ways.

Nucleus is the organelle found in the eukaryotic cell fully enclosed inside the nuclear membrane. Nucleus contains a maximum area of the genetic material of the cell. The nucleus performs the cell activities including growth, metabolism, protein synthesis and reproduction.
Hence the correct option is B

Note: Prokaryotes are primitive cells that have nucleoid regions in it and Eukaryotes are complex cells that have well defined nuclei. In Prokaryotic cells all functions are performed only by one organelle that is nucleoid But in Eukaryotes cells every function is assigned to different cell organelles.