Question

What chemical is used in vector less gene transfer?

Answer 1

Hint: Gene transfer involves inserting a foreign or unrelated gene into the genetic makeup of an organism. The traditional method of gene transfer involves the usage of a vector, which is another organism that functions as a carrier of the genes. The gene transfer can also be carried out with the help of certain chemicals as well.

Complete answer:
One of the most important chemicals used for vector less gene transfer is Polyethylene Glycol or PEG. It is the most commonly used for gene transfer in organisms like bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This process does not involve the removal or destruction of the cell walls of the organisms. This involves the direct transfer of the genes to the protoplasts of the organisms without the use of any vectors. This method is also known as stable transformation. During this process, the extracted or the naked genetic material which is the favorable DNA molecule is complexed with the chemical agent used, such as polyethylene glycol. This process is also known as the naked DNA mediated gene transfer. The complex thus formed reacts with the cell wall or moves into the cell through endocytosis. After reaching the cytoplasm, the DNA gets released from the complex and it gets incorporated into the host genome. This mechanism has less efficacy when compared to conventional physical transfer methods.

Note: The alternate method of gene transfer involves the direct or physical gene transfer. It involves several techniques such as microinjection and electroporation methods of gene transfer. These are considered to be conventional methods and involve better effiency.