Question

What causes the change of state in matter?

Answer 1

Hint: To solve this question, we first need to know what is matter. Any substance that occupies space and has a mass is known as matter. Since everything is made up of atoms and subatomic particles, they are also considered to be matter.

Complete answer:
Now, the three fundamental states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
When a matter absorbs energy or loses energy, it changes its state.
First, let us look at the change of state of a solid matter.
- Sublimation:
When a solid matter absorbs energy and is converted into a gas state directly, without passing through the liquid state, it is known as sublimation.
For example, camphor sublimates when burnt/heated.
- Melting
When a solid matter absorbs energy and is converted into a liquid state, it is known as melting.
For example, the most common example of melting ice into the water at a temperature above 0${}^\circ C$.
Now let us look at the change of state of a liquid matter.
- Evaporation
When a liquid matter absorbs energy and is converted into a gaseous state, it is known as evaporation.
For example, evaporation of acetone-containing nail paint removers.
- Freezing
When a liquid matter releases energy and is converted into a solid-state, it is known as freezing.
For example, freezing of water into ice at a temperature below 0${}^\circ C$.
Finally, let us look at the change of state of a gaseous matter.
- Condensation
When a gaseous matter releases energy and is converted into a liquid state, it is known as condensation.
For example, turning water vapors in the air into water droplets when in contact with a cool surface like a cold soda can.
- Deposition
When a gaseous matter releases energy and is converted into a solid-state directly, without passing through the liquid state, it is known as a deposition.
It can be said to be the opposite of sublimation.
For example, the turning of water vapor in the air into frost or ice crystals.

Note:
It should be noted that the phase of matter in which the matter is between the gaseous state and the liquid or solid state is known as the vapor state and the process is known as vaporization.
And the phase of matter in which the matter is between the liquid state and the solid-state is known as the glacial state.