Question

Carbohydrates are synthesized from fat within which of the following organelles?
A. Spherosome
B. Glyoxysome
C. Lomasome
D. Lysosome

Answer 1

Hint: Conversion of fat takes place after a few days of seed germination in the endosperm cell and associates closely with the lipid bodies.

Complete answer:
The plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid layer that regulates the concentration of the substance that is permeable to the cell. Before coming to answer let us first infer about the options.
a. Spherosome are the small cell organelles that are bounded by a single membrane that takes up part in storage and synthesis of lipids. They arise from endoplasmic reticulum and are surrounded by phospholipid layers.
b. Glyoxysome occurs in the seed after the seed germination in endosperm cells. They disappear after the storags of the fat molecules that break down into complex carbohydrates. The appearance of these organelles therefore coincide with the conversion of the fats into the carbohydrates during the process of seed germination. It is unique to glyoxysome and thus does not occur in mammals.
3. Lomasome are paramural bodies that are located between the cell walls and the cell membrane of plants and fungal cells. The out folding of the plasma membrane that is found in fungi is basically the lomasome. It is helpful in nucleoid replication, septum formation and even in respiration.
4. Lysosomes are membrane vesicular structures formed by the process of packing golgi bodies. The isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes optimally active at the acidic pH. They are called as the "suicide bage of the cell" because they eat up all the waste and dead organelles that are present inside the cell.

So, the correct answer is “Option B”.

Note:
Glyoxysome are specialized peroxisomes that are found in plants and filamentous fungi. They contain enzymes that initiate the breakdown of fatty acid for the synthesis of sugar by gluconeogenesis which is used up by plants in photosynthesis. Plant peroxisomes also participate in photorespiration and nitrogen metabolism in root nodules.