Question

Who came up with the uncertainty principle?

Answer 1

Hint: We need to remember that according to the uncertainty principle, which expresses that, it is unable to predict the exact momentum and position of an object. This principle is explained on the basis of the dual nature of matter which is wave nature and parcel nature. And this principle is a fundamental theory which states why it is unable to measure more than one quantum variable at the same time. And the principle also explains that, it is unable to calculate the energy present in a system at a particular amount of time.

Complete answer:
As we know that the uncertainty principle was proposed by Heisenberg. Hence, it is known as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. According to this Heisenberg uncertainty principle, it is impossible to measure the momentum and position of a particle. In order to find out the position of a matter, a photon should collide with it and come back to the calculating device. Here, the photons carry some finite momentum. When an electron collides with the photon, a transfer of momenta will take place. Because, the momentum present in the electron is increasing. Therefore, if we try to measure the position of a particle, there is an increase in the value of momentum uncertainty. Let’s see the formula of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
\[\Delta x\Delta p \geqslant \dfrac{h}{{4\pi }}\]
Where, \[\Delta x = \]uncertainty in position,
\[\Delta p = \]Uncertainty of momentum
\[h = \]Plank’s constant

Note:
 The microscopic matter wave and the electromagnetic radiation express the dual nature which is wave nature and particle nature. We cannot accurately determine the position and momentum of the macroscopic matter. And this is applicable for all the waves. Hence, this principle explains the fundamental limit to know about the quantum system.