Question

By the reaction of $\alpha -ketoglutaric\text{ acid}$ with ammonia, through which of the process glutamic acid is formed?
A)Oxidative amination
B)Reductive amination
C)Ammonification
D)All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: It involves the conversion of the carbonyl group to an amine through intermediate imine.and here the carbonyl group is commonly a ketone and aldehyde. This form of ammunition is considered an important way to make amines. Many of the pharmaceutical industry made the amines in this way only.

Complete answer:
-Glutamic acid is found in all the living organisms for the biosynthesis of proteins. It is an amino acid. Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid which means we don't have to take it from outside sources, our body will synthesize it.
-Glutamic acid is generally used to make proteins. It is converted into glutamate in our bloodstream. Glutamate is a chemical that helps in the transmission and retrieval of information from other cells to nerve cells present in the brain.
-For the formation of amino acids in the plant ammonium ions are assimilated in the reductive amination. In reductive amination, with the help of glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes, ammonium Ion interacts with the $\alpha -ketoglutaric\text{ acid}$ to form glutamic acid.for this reaction a reduced coenzyme is needed.

Additional Information: Oxidative deamination-alpha keto acids and other oxidized products generated from amine-containing compounds. It can only occur in the liver
Ammonification- in this organic nitrogen converted into inorganic ammonia or ammonium ions by microscopic organisms like bacteria or other types of decomposing organisms. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle through which essential ions are provided to the organisms for their survival.
So, the correct answer is, "reductive amination".

Note: -A group of amines when incorporated into organic molecules than this mechanism is known as amination.
-When amino acid groups separated from amino acids. Then this mechanism is known as transamination. The separated amino acid passes to the acceptor keto acid and creates the amino acid equal to keto acid and keto acid equal to the original amino acid.
-So, reductive amination involves the conversion of ketone or aldehyde groups to an amine by an intermediate imine.