Question

Blood sugar level rises due to deficiency of which hormone?
a. Glucagon
b. Insulin
c. Adrenaline
d. Thyroxin

Answer 1

Hint: Blood sugar level is controlled by endocrine glands as alpha and beta cells of pancreas mainly. Due to inappropriate function of beta cells of pancreas results in rise of blood sugar.

Complete answer:
Blood sugar level is controlled coordinated activity of multiple endocrine glands. It involves the hormones as insulin, glucagon, adrenaline and thyroxine.

Pancreas consists of 3 cell types. Each cell type of the islets produces a single hormone: Alpha cells produce glucagon; Beta cells, insulin.

Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by pancreas. It raises blood sugar level by converting stored glycogen into glucose. It activates enzymes as glycogen phosphorylase which acts on glycogen and releases glucose from liver cells. When blood sugar level rises beta cells of the pancreas release insulin. It gives signals to the brain, liver, adipose tissue to utilize extra glucose from blood. It activates enzymes for glycogen synthesis in the liver and lipid synthesis in adipose tissue. When insulin is deficient, then blood sugar level rises and it may result in diabetes.

Adrenal medulla is the inner core which produces adrenaline also known as epinephrine. It plays an important role in fight or flight action by rising blood sugar level. It gives signal to the liver, adipose tissue to release glucose.

Thyroxin increases metabolic rate and promotes growth. It forms two iodine-containing hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It also raises the rate of metabolism by increasing blood sugar level in blood.

Thus, Insulin is mainly responsible for lowering blood sugar level. So its deficiency rises the sugar level in the blood.
Hence, the correct answer is B.

Note: Blood sugar level is decreased by insulin and it coordinates the extra glucose to liver, adipose tissue to synthesize storage form of energy and blood sugar level rises due to deficiency of Insulin.