Question

Biotechnology deals with industrial-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biological using genetically modified-
(A) Microbes only
(B) Fungi only
(C) Plants and animals only
(D) All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Biotechnology is a field of engineering that makes use of biological systems, living creatures, or fragments thereof, to develop or produce various goods. The utilization of yeast (a living organism) to create the intended product is an example of a biotechnology process, as are brewing and baking bread.
Step by step solution:
The area of applied science known as "biotechnology" employs living things and the derivatives of those things to create goods and processes. These goods and methods are used in biofuels, healthcare, medicine, and environmental security. The US government defines biotechnology as any process that uses living beings (or portions of organisms) to create or change goods, enhance plants and animals, or create microbes with a specific purpose in mind.
Bacterial cells that accept the recombinant DNA are known as hosts. Since DNA is hydrophilic, it cannot easily penetrate through the bacterial cell membrane. As a result, the bacteria must be "competent" to accept the DNA. Recombinant DNA Technology (Genetic Engineering), Plant Tissue Culture, and Transgenics are the three key biotechnology approaches (Genetically Modified Organisms). Over many years, breeders have systematically selected specific features in animals such as corn, cattle, and even dogs. However, recent developments in biotechnology have made it possible for researchers to directly alter the DNA of animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Biotechnology, which includes the genetic modification of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals) for the manufacture of antibiotics, hormones, and other substances, is the use of biological processes for industrial and other reasons.
So, option (D) is correct.
Note: In essence, biotechnology is a branch of applied biology that heavily utilizes chemistry. While biotechnology focuses on creating solutions for industries ranging from agriculture to medicine, biomedical engineering has a clinical and medical health focus.