Question

What is the basis of differentiation of body parts?

Answer 1

Hint: Each particular type of cell in an organism expresses a subset of all the genes that make up the genome of that species. Each cell type is defined by a specific pattern of regulated gene expression. Development potential, refers to a number of different cell types that can arise. The zygote and her early descendants are omnipotent; these cells can grow into a whole organism.

Complete answer: One of the main areas of biological research is cell specialization, which takes on a unique structure and function, since basically all cells come from a fertilized egg. Cell differentiation is the process by which cells specialize as the body develops.
To understand differentiation of body parts let’s first understand how a cell is different from different cell types.
In order for cells to differentiate into specific forms and functions, they only need to manipulate expressed genes (and proteins), not fixed genes.
Cell differentiation is the process of converting cells from one cell type to another. Usually the cells are changed to a more specialized type. Differentiation occurs repeatedly during the development of multicellular organisms, when they change from a simple zygote to complex tissue systems and cell types. The three main categories of cells that make up the mammalian body are germ cells, somatic cells, and stem cells.
 Transcription factors are the main mechanism of gene activation or inactivation.
 Transcription factors belong to a class of proteins that bind to specific genes in the DNA molecule and stimulate or inhibit transcription factors. They regulate gene expression. Each cell in the body contains the genome of the entire body, but other cells use different transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Transcription factors are proteins that affect the binding of RNA polymerase to specific genes in the DNA molecule.
Under the influence of these transcription factors, cells are specialized in one of the hundreds of cell types in the body.
The identification of different types of cells (cell fates) gradually limits their development potential. When a cell “chooses” a certain fate, it is considered destined even if it looks exactly like its undefined neighbour. These decisions mean permanent change. The fate of some cells remains unchanged. Differentiation follows decisions as cells develop cell-specific developmental programs.
Differentiation results in cell types with unique identities, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and skin cells.

Note:
The first embryonic cells from zygote division are terminal stem cells. These stem cells are known to be totipotent because they can differentiate into one of the cells your body needs to grow and develop.
Differential gene expression does not occur due to the loss of genetic material, DNA, except in the case of the immune system. This means that no genetic information is lost when cells are identified and begin to differentiate.