Question

How bacteria, fungi and lower plants survive in unfavorable conditions? Explain.

Answer 1

Hint: The microorganisms like bacteria, fungi etc. can remain alive in the extreme climatic conditions. This is possible by the formation of the spores. The algae produce the thick-walled spores which store food material in them called the aconites or the resting pore. The spores of the fungi are called chlamydospores which are penetrating in nature.

Complete answer:
The organisms like bacteria, fungi, virus and the lower plants can even survive in the unfavorable conditions like high heat, or cold, in the absence of oxygen and also in the absence of the host or the food. This is possible because these organisms possess spores. The endospores are the non reproductive cells of the organisms like bacteria. These spores are covered by means of thick and the hard layer that protects it from the unfavorable condition. They help the bacteria and the other organisms to remain dormant in the extreme climatic conditions.
These organisms during the unfavorable condition uses or consumes less energy than in the normal conditions and so the metabolic rate is also lowered. This helps in conserving the energy for survival. After when the favorable condition returns, these spores begin to germinate and starts its normal metabolism

Note: The spores formed by the bacteria are called endospores. These endospores are the most known living organisms which are more resistant in nature. They survive, even for the period of two days in the hot boiling water.