Question

How bacteria are useful in industry? Write any two uses?

Answer 1

Hint: Microorganisms are a vital source of various primary and secondary metabolites that can be used in daily life. They can also be engineered to produce some molecules of non-microbial origin.

Step by step answer:
Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that are useful and harmful. They can support various life forms such as plants and animals and can be used for industrial and medicinal purposes. They can be used in various ways that can help to exploit their natural capabilities. They are commonly used in industries for the production of various drugs, probiotics, antibiotics, vaccines, insecticides, solvents, enzymes, etc.
In the food industry, lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus are commonly used to manufacture dairy products such as yogurt, curd, milk, cheese, vinegar, pickles, etc. In the pharmaceutical industry, bacteria such as Streptococcus, Bacillus are used for the production of antibiotics such as erythromycins, tetracyclines, bacitracin, etc and prevents several diseases.
Biotechnology and microbiology use genetically engineered microorganisms for various purposes such as the production of enzymes, food products, nucleic acid, etc. Bacteria are transformed to obtain products for human welfare. They are also used for the production of hormones such as insulin, and some human proteins such as interferons, tumor necrosis factor, etc.
They are also used as biological pest control agents, for example, a bacterium Bacillus thuringenesis produces inactive toxin protein crystals to kill specific types of insects.

Note: Microorganisms are known as micro industries that can be cultured in large amounts for the production of various compounds by providing them proper culture medium. Microorganisms exhibit different phases of growth. Every phase requires some molecules for growth and reproduction; therefore, microbes synthesize various molecules that are of commercial importance.