Question

AUG codes for
(a) Valine
(b) Histidine
(c) Phenylalanine
(d) Methionine

Answer 1

Hint: A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid or stop signal while protein synthesis.

Complete answer:
AUG codes for Methionine. It is also the start codon that initiates the synthesis of any protein.
A codon is a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that matches with a specific amino acid.
The genetic code explains the relationship between the sequence of DNA bases, i.e. A, C, G, and T, in a gene and the analogous protein sequence that codes for.
Codons provide the key that allows the nucleotide sequences of the DNA to be translated into amino acids sequence of protein and vice versa.
Each codon compares to either single amino acid or stop signal, and the full set of codons is termed as the genetic code.
There are 64 different codons out of which 61 specify amino acids while the remaining three are stop codons.
The genetic code is called degenerate or redundant, as a single amino acid may be corresponding to more than one codon.
When codons are translated from the nucleotide sequence, they are examined in succession and do not overlay with one another.
For example, the codon GUC, GUA, GUU and GUG represent the amino acid valine.
For example, the codon CAU and CAC represent the amino acid histidine.
For example, the codon UUU and UUC represent the amino acid phenylalanine.
So, the correct answer is “Methionine”.

Note: The STOP codons signal the termination of the amino acid chain during translation. These codons are also called nonsense codons as they do not correspond to an amino acid.
There are 3 STOP codons in the genetic code namely UAG, UAA, and UGA.