Question

At absolute zero temperature, which is false statement: -
a) Molecular motion ceases
b) The volume of an ideal gas becomes zero.
c) The kinetic energy of the molecules becomes zero.
d) Electronic motion ceases

Answer 1

Hint: Zero kelvin the lower limit in scale from which temperature measure. At absolute zero temperature, particles don’t possess any motion. Hence, no kinetic energy will be there. No energy, no entropy. Motion ceases at molecular level not on electronic level.

Complete step by step answer:
When particles are in movement, they will possess kinetic energy. All particles will not have equal energy, and the particles' energy is constantly changing as they undergo speed changes. The motion of the particles is raised by increasing the temperature. Temperature is a parameter of the kinetic energy of the particles. As the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the molecules of the liquid increases, the molecules' movement gradually defeats forces of attraction among the molecules. They have greater freedom to move, over greater volumes. Thus, the liquid expands.
Conversely, the particles' action will lower by reducing the temperature to absolute zero, the motion of the particles discontinues altogether. At absolute zero, it is assumed that the electrons' kinetic energy goes to zero, which means that the electron density that holds molecules together will not be. If the electrons have no kinetic energy, the electrons' movement that creates the electron density will not exist. It means that there is nothing to hold the molecule together. Theoretically, at absolute zero, an ideal gas volume would be zero, and all molecular motion would stop. In reality, all gases compress to solids or liquids well over this point.
Therefore, electronic motion will not stop at zero kelvin.

So, the correct answer is “Option d”.

Note: Absolute zero, or zero Kelvin, is the temperature wherever all motion ceases. It is the lowest limit on the temperature scale. At zero kelvin, the particles cease moving, and all disorder passes. Thus, nothing can be cooler than absolute zero on the Kelvin scale. An absolute zero has never been achieved.