Question

What are various kinds of Joints found in our body? Explain with examples.

Answer 1

Hint: A joint is generally a point where two or more things are connected together. Joint means an articulation or a strong connection that joins the bones, teeth, and cartilage together. It is necessary for all kinds of movement in the body that involves bones.

Complete answer:
Joints are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial joints by the type of tissue present. They can also be classified as synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, or diarthrosis by the degree of movement permitted.
Fibrous Joints: In these joints, the bones are bound by a tough, fibrous tissue. They are the joints that typically require strength. They are further sub-classified as Sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses.
Cartilaginous joints: The bones are united by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.
There are two main types: synchondroses seen in long bones, and symphyses which are seen in the pubic symphysis.
Synovial Joints:
Synovial joints have a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule. They are freely movable joints.
They are further classified as:
1. Hinge – They permit movement in just one plane
Example - Elbow joint, knee joint, etc.
2. Saddle –Resemble the saddles on a horse’s back. They have opposing articular surfaces with reciprocal concave-convex shapes.
Example - Carpometacarpal joints.
3. Plane – They have flat articular surfaces, allowing the bones to glide over each other.
Example - Acromioclavicular joint
4. Pivot – It allows for rotation only and is formed by a central bone surrounded by a bony-ligamentous ring.
Example - Atlantoaxial joint.
5. Condyloid – Consists of a convex surface articulating with a concave cavity.
Example - Wrist joint, metatarsophalangeal joint.
6. Ball and Socket – The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-shaped depression of another bone. Free movement in various axes is achieved.
Example - Shoulder joint.

Note:
Sutures are joints seen in between skull bones and gomphosis is the joint by which a tooth is attached to its socket.