Question

What are the various routes by which transmission of human immunodeficiency virus takes place?

Answer 1

Hint: The microbial diseases transmitted by sexual contact from one partner to another partner are known as sexually transmitted diseases. However, these are not spread by casual physical contact like hugs, handshakes, sports such as wrestling or by any other way in which we touch each other socially. Syphilis and AIDS are examples of these diseases.

Complete answer:
To answer this question we have to know about HIV and AIDS.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus which was first reported in the U.S.A. in 1981. AIDS is that condition in which the immune system of a person becomes weak and not able to fight from any infection or foreign pathogens. It is caused by the Retrovirus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) having a RNA genome which is enclosed in an envelope. AIDS is considered as a last stage of HIV infection. It is responsible for affecting the macrophages that are present in the blood of the human body.

There are the various routes for the transmission of HIV –
- Through sexual contact with an infected person.
- Through blood transfusion.
- Use of contaminated needles from an infected person to a healthy person.
- Through the placenta of an infected mother to her child.

Symptoms – swollen lymph nodes, regular fever, sweating at night, weight loss, loss of memory, ability to think and speak, bacterial and fungal infection.

Note: We control and prevent the AIDS by the following ways –
- Keeping knowledge about AIDS transmission.
- Avoid sexual contact with strangers.
- Avoid use of common needles and razors.
- No effective treatment as far.