Question

JGA (JuxtaGlomerular Apparatus), a sensitive region, which regulates the glomerular filtration rate is present near the
A. DCT and PCT
B. DCT and efferent arteriole
C. DCT and afferent arteriole
D. Loop of Henle and DCT

Answer 1

Hint: The JGA is a very sensitive cell. This is seen near the Bowman's capsular region of the kidney where the afferent arteriole enters and the efferent arteriole exits the nephron.

Step by step answer:The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA, also called the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structural part that is present in the kidney. It regulates the function of the nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named because it is juxta to (which means next to) the glomerulus.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus contains three types of cells:
The macula densa, which is the part of the distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron,
Juxtaglomerular cells or granular cells that secrete renin,
Extraglomerular mesangial cells.
So, the correct answer is option C. DCT and afferent arteriole.

Additional Information: The functions of the cells of JGA are as follows:
-Juxtaglomerular cells: Renin is produced by juxtaglomerular cells in response to stimulation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor, reduction in renal perfusion pressure, and decrease in the salt (NaCl) concentration at the macula densa cells, which is a result of reduced glomerular filtration rate.
-Extraglomerular mesangial cells: These cells are present in the connection between the afferent and efferent arterioles. These cells have a contractile property by which they can control the regulation of GFR or glomerular filtration rate by the alteration of the diameter of the blood vessels.
-Macula densa: These cells are seen in the junction of the afferent arterioles and the efferent arteriole. At this location, the wall of the distal convoluted tubule is attached with the afferent arteriole and some cells are modified to form the macula densa. These cells respond against the change in the sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule of the nephron.

Note: The JGA or juxtaglomerular apparatus is a structural part present in the kidney and regulates the function of the nephron. Three different types of cells are present in JGA are- juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and macula densa.