Question

What are the functions of various phytohormones?

Answer 1

Hint: Phytohormones are single molecules, which are found in plants. They are also called as plant hormones, and it is responsible for all aspects in plants like their growth and development. Each cell present in the plant can produce hormones.

Complete answer:
> Auxins: - It enlarges plant cells, bending is prevented, it helps in wound healing and xylem differentiation. It indulges in parthenocarpy and roots are initiated in the culture of plant tissues.

> Cytokinins: - Cytokinins help in cell division, phloem transportation, salt accumulation, and female flower production. Resistance of high and low temperature and various diseases are prevented by Cytokinins.

> Gibberellins: - fruit size and seed germination is promoted by gibberellins. Help in production of male flowers on female plant’s genetics and also breaks dormancy of seeds and buds.

> Ethylene: - It helps fruits to ripen, girth of stems is increased, prevents leaves from senescence and abscission. Ethylene also helps in artificial fruit ripening and store organs.

> Abscisic Acid: - Abscisic acid helps in decreasing transpiration in leaves, it also helps in cambium activities and in seeds it increases bud dormancy at the time of winter season. It also helps in development and maturity of seeds, which also includes flowers and arytenoids to synthesis.

Note: There are various phytohormones in plants, which are necessary for one or the other reason which mainly includes growth, development and preventing the plant from various diseases. These hormones are produced in every part of the plant and they are even transferred from one plant to another by the plant itself.