Question

What are the functions of the stomata?

Answer 1

Hint: The leaves are composed of specialized structures to facilitate the process of photosynthesis. And are also arranged in specialized orientations to increase the efficiency of metabolic processes taking place.

Complete answer:
The stomata are the minute microscopic openings present on the surface of the leaves. These structures have specialized parts that increase the efficacy of the processes. The major functions of the stomata are as follows:
It regulates the process of transpiration, by closing and opening the ores according to the osmotic pressure. An excess loss of water through transpiration makes the guard cells to close and prevent further water loss. An excess of water in the body, can open the guard cells and facilitate transpiration.
The loss of water through the stomatal pore can cause a force known as the transpiration pull. It can cause the movement of materials within the vascular tissues. Helps in several processes such as absorption of water from the soil by the roots.
Stomata are involved in the gaseous exchange during photosynthesis as well as the respiration of the plants.
The stomata can help in cooling of the plant body by the loss of water vapor and its cooling on the leaf surface.
Thus the stomata have multiple beneficial functions in the plant body.

Note: The stomatal pore is surrounded by two bean-shaped cells known as the guard cells, that help in the opening and closing of the pores. There are subsidiary cells surrounding the guard cells, that provide protection and rigidity to the inner cells. The whole arrangement of cells around the stomatal pore is known collectively as the stomata apparatus.