Question

What are the factors influencing the distribution of population?

Answer 1

Hint: -Distribution of population of a place depends on more than one factor.
-A range of natural and even man made factors influence the population distribution patterns.
-Each of the factors influencing population distribution is generally correlated and linked to each other.

Complete Answer:
Distribution of population of any place refers to the number of people living in the area. It is also known as the population density. It is calculated on the basis of the number of people living per square kilometres in average. There are numerous factors that decide the population distribution of places all over the world. These factors are broadly classified into four groups- Geographical Factors, Social Factors, Cultural Factors and Economic Factors. Below is a list which briefly details all of these-

A. Geographical factors: This includes the following-
1. Topography- More people live on plains than plateaus and mountains. This is because plains are better suited for agriculture. The gentle terrain also makes it easier for transportation and building settlements. Plains are the most densely populated areas of the world.
2. Climate- People prefer staying in places with mild, equable climate. Places with both extreme heat or extreme cold are much less populated in comparison.
3. Soil- Agriculture being one of the oldest and most common occupations in most parts of the world, places with fertile soils have a greater population density than places with non-arable soil. This is the reason why river valleys are one of the most populated places in all countries.
4. Water- Water is another essential natural resource and people are more likely to live in areas where freshwater is easily available. This is another reason why river valleys are densely populated.
5. Minerals- Minerals are the raw materials for any form of industries. Thus Places with significant mineral deposits are places where industries grow, leading to an increase in the population around such areas.

B. Social factors: Population is higher in places with better housing, health facilities, educational institutions and transport systems etc.

C. Cultural factors: Places which carry cultural or/and religious significance attract people, leading to a higher population.

D. Economic factors: Economic factors such as the opportunities for employment and the cost of living expenses also influence the population density of a place.

Note: -Distribution of population across the world is very contrasting. Over the world, there are more ‘empty’ areas than ‘crowded’ areas.
-Some of the most densely populated areas are river valleys plains, like the Gangetic river plain in India and the Rhine river valley in Germany.
-Places with the least population are deserts (both hot and cold), very rugged mountains and places around the poles.
-Population of the world is now at over 7 billion people, with India having the second highest population after China.