Question

What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these?

Answer 1

Hint: Power-sharing is an imperative element of any constitution. It ensures that there is a balance between different sections of the society.

Complete Step by Step answer:
1) Horizontal distribution of power: This means that power is shared among different organs of government. These organs are the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example – In India such a power distribution ensures that none of the organs can exercise and utilise unlimited or unrestricted power. There is a regulation of power and every organ keeps a check on the others. This system of arrangement is often known as "a system of checks and balances".
2) Vertical distribution of power: Power can be shared not only through organs of government but among governments at different levels as well. A general central government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or state and regional level. Example – In India apart from the Union/central government, the role of the State Government is equally important to run the nation.
3) Community government: Power is also shared among different socially active groups. These include religious, ethnic and linguistic groups.
4) Power-sharing between different pressure groups and movements and political parties. Power-sharing between pressure groups and political parties ensures that power is not concentrated in one single hand.

Note: Every state does have some or the other form of power-sharing. This ensures that there are fair chances of opportunity for every citizen. Not only that but it also helps provide stability in the political arena.