Question

Why are the buildings and dams made broader at the base than at the top?

Answer 1

Hint: Dam: A dam with a massive structure is made across the rivers, stream to stop and conserve the water. Water of dams can be used for their future use and electricity generation, irrigation, and for many other uses. It also suppressed the flood. Dams have advantages as well as disadvantages.

Complete step by step solution:
Pressure: Pressure is the force exerted per unit area. As we know that
$ \Rightarrow P = \dfrac{F}{A}$
Here,
F=force
A=area
The pressure exerted by the liquid increases with depth increase. And we know that area is inversely proportional to pressure, higher the area lower the pressure and lower the area higher the pressure. To avoid the risk of failure and breakdown of dams and buildings we make the base broader as compared to the top. A thicker wall is required to withstand the higher pressure. So the thickness of the wall increases with the depth increase.

Note: Pressure is directly proportional to the force so the wall experiences the greatest force of water stream when they hit the wall of dams so we made the base broader to the safety of the dam and save the losses. Dam has advantages as well as disadvantages. The advantages of dam are electricity generation, irrigation etc. The disadvantages of dam are- they stop the migration of fishes. For making the dam there are huge loss of forest and global warming take place. People need to be displaced from their land.