Question

What are proteins? Name the bond present in the proteins.

Answer 1

Hint: The proteins can be defined as macromolecules that consist of a long chain of amine and carboxyl as a functional group and side-chain specific to each amino acid. In addition to it, the bond present in protein is formed by the process of the condensation reaction.

Complete step by step answer: Proteins can be defined as large biomolecules which consist of one or more long chains of amino acids. Proteins are termed as nitrogenous organic compounds as the long chain of amino acid contains amine and carboxyl as functional groups and a side chain specific to each amino acid. The side chain is referred to as the alkyl group with one or more hydrogen less of the hydrocarbon corresponding to the amino acid. Proteins are responsible for various functions that take place in an organism. Functions of proteins include catalyzing metabolic reactions, replication of DNA, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells, and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. A straight-chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. Each protein contains at least one long polypeptide.
The bond present in proteins is called peptide. It is a type of chemical covalent bond formed between two adjacent alpha-amino acids. The formation of peptide bonds takes place between two consecutive amino acids by releasing a molecule of water. This reaction is called a condensation reaction.

Note: Some of the amino acids are not synthesized by an organism on its own and these amino acids are termed essential amino acids. Consuming food containing proteins provides amino acids to an organism. These amino acids are converted into glucose by the process of gluconeogenesis and are used by the organism during starvation.