Question

What are peptides and peptide linkage?

Answer 1

Hint: Peptide linkage is a sort of bond which is formed when a carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with a amino group of another molecule and releases a water molecule. The molecules forming peptide bonds or peptide linkage are known as peptides. An amide is formed during peptide linkage between $COOH\, and\, N {{H}_ {2}} $ groups.

Complete Step by Step Solution:
The reaction of carboxyl and amino group along with the release of water is known as Dehydration Synthesis. The peptide group formed is four atom functional groups –C (=O) NH-The chains of amino acids formed together by peptide linkage are known as proteins or polypeptides.
Peptide bonds are formed to produce proteins which have many functions to play. Proteins are used by plants in manufacturing of their food and required for growth, used in many catalyzing reactions. Moisturizers and lotions containing peptides help in maintaining younger looking skin.
The peptide bond formed is planar and it has two configurations Trans and Cis. In Cis configuration, the two carbon atoms of amino acids are on same side of peptide bond and in Trans configuration the carbon atoms are on opposite side of peptide bond.
There are also certain side effects of peptides which include dry mouth, high blood pressure, water retention and extreme kidney pain. Peptide bond is one of the strongest covalent bonds. It is broken in the laboratories using a combination of heat and acid. It can also be broken down by hydrolysis.

Note: Copper peptides are used to heal wounds, reduce inflammation, stretch marks and scars. There are about twenty naturally occurring amino acids which can be combined in a variety of ways to form different molecules. Peptides contain 2-50 amino acids and chains containing more than 50 amino acids are referred to as protein. There are peptide injections available which are injected at the fatty areas of the body. GHRP is a growth hormone releasing peptide used frequently among bodybuilders.