Question

Why are mitochondria able to make their own proteins?

Answer 1

Hint: Proteins are macromolecules and biomolecules made up of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins play a variety of roles in organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, giving cells and organisms structure, and transporting molecules from one place to another.

Complete answer:
In eukaryotic organisms, a double membrane-bound organelle mitochondria is found. Mitochondria produce the majority of the cell's adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a chemical energy source. Kolliker (1880 CE) discovered mitochondria in the voluntary muscles of insects for the first time. The nickname "powerhouse of the cell" was coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 paper.
Some multicellular organisms' cells lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). Microsporidia, parabasalids, and diplomonads are examples of unicellular organisms that have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures.
Ribosomes and genetic instructions for protein production are found in mitochondria. These instructions, along with other important components, can be found in mitochondrial DNA. Proteins are required by mitochondria for the breakdown of sugars and the production of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the cell's energy currency. The proteins are usually found within the cell's inner membranes.

Note:
The number of mitochondria in a cell varies dramatically depending on the organism, tissue, and cell type. A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, whereas a liver cell can have up to 2000 mitochondria. The mitochondrion is divided into compartments that each perform a specific function. The outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix are examples of compartments or regions.