Question

What are genes? Where are they located in our body?

Answer 1

Hint: Genetics is the branch which deals with heredity and variations. It deals with the principles of inheritance and its practices. The branch of genetics started in 1900 after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work.

Complete answer:
> The term factor was used by Mendel for a gene. A gene is defined as the unit of DNA responsible for the appearance of the inheritance of characters. These genes are present on chromosomes that are the long DNA molecules.
> Chromosomes are oval, rod or thread like DNA and protein complexes that function as hereditary vehicles because they store, replicate and transcribe coded hereditary information.
> Chromosomes store, replicate, and transcribe coded hereditary information and they were first seen by Hofmeister as nuclear filaments in pollen mother cells of Tradescantia.
> Alleles or allelomorph is a Greek word which means belonging to one another. It can be expressed as one of the two members of a gene pair. It is defined as a pair of genes that control the two alternatives of the same character and are located at the same locus in the homologous chromosomes.
> Homologous chromosomes can be defined as a set of chromosomes that pair up with each other during fertilization of male and female gametes. It consists of one maternal and one paternal chromosome.
> A gene pool is defined as all the genotypes of all organisms in a population.

Note: The complete set of genetic information of an organism is defined as its genome. It is generally stored in the DNA or RNA i.e. the genetic material of the organism in the nucleus of the cell. It includes coding, non-coding DNA, chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA.