Question

What are exocrine and endocrine cells?

Answer 1

Hint: These cells are present in the pancreas of the human. Endocrine cells are present in the body and help in the regulation of secretion through the duct whereas exocrine cells are responsible for secretion of hormones and are carried to duodenum.

Complete answer-
The pancreases contain these exocrine and endocrine cells. These cells are derived from the endodermal germ layer. These are well organized in the islets of Langerhans and secrete hormones in the body.
1. Exocrine cells – A gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices, and releases them through a duct or opening to a body surface. They are also called acinar cells that are secreted through ducts, such as sweat, mucus, or digestive enzymes. The outcome of these cells directly goes to the organ of interest via the ducts. They are cuboidal cells that line these ducts and the mucin - producing columnar cells that line up large ducts.
2. Endocrine cells: An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body. These cells are 1 to 2% of the pancreas and are similar to exocrine cells. They form the islets of Langerhans and secrete their products into the bloodstream directly instead of through a duct. They secrete insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. These cells are found throughout the body and are intensified in hormone-secreting glands such as the pituitary. The products that are formed by these cells go through the whole body in the bloodstream and act on particular organs by receptors on cells of the target organs.

Note:
The pancreas can result in tumors in these exocrine and endocrine cells. The tumors that are caused in exocrine cells are called as adenocarcinomas which are highly invasive whereas tumor in endocrine cells is called as neuroendocrine tumor which is less common.