Question

What are anionic detergents? Give examples.

Answer 1

Hint:‌Initially you need to understand what's detergent and its varieties. A detergent may be a wetter or a combination of surfactants with cleansing properties in dilute solutions. They're sodium salts of long chain alkyl benzene sulphonic acids or sodium salts of long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphate.

Complete step by step answer:
Anionic Detergents are Na salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. they consist of anions at the soluble ends of the chains.
The former was mostly phased into economically advanced societies as a result of their poorly perishable. an estimated half-dozen billion kilograms of anionic detergents are created annually for domestic markets.
It has a hydrophobic head and hydrophilic finish. The hydrophobic head goes to the dirt and grabs it whereas the hydrophilic finish goes to the water aspect.
Alkyl hydrogen sulphates created by treating long chain alcohols with concentrated sulphuric acid are neutral with alkali to create anionic detergents. equally alkyl benzene sulphonates are obtained by neutralising alkyl benzene sulphonic acids with alkali. Sodium salts of alkyl benzene sulphonates are a crucial category of anionic detergents. In anionic detergents, the anionic part of the molecule is concerned within the cleansing action.
Its chemical formula is \[C{H_3} - C{H_2} - {\text{ }}C{H_2} - C{H_2} - {\text{ }}C{H_2} - C{H_2} - {\text{ }}C{H_2} - C{H_2} - {\text{ }}C{H_2} - C{H_2} - {\text{ }}C{H_2} - S{O_3} - {O^ - }N{a^ + }\]
Examples: Sodium n-dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate.

Note:1) Major applications are: -
-Household Cleaning, Fuel Additives, Biological Reagent etc. It is also used in toothpaste.
2)Some of advantages are:
-Can be used with hard water which soap cannot do.
-Can be used in acidic medium unlike soaps.
-Are more soluble in water so form better later than soaps.
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