Question

__________ are also known as amphibians of the plant kingdom.
a. Thallophyta
b. Bryophyta
c. Pteridophyta
d. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: The first land plants with no proper vascular system which can live both on land and in water are termed as Amphibians.

Complete answer:
Bryophytes are known as amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants live in soil but they need water for asexual reproduction. They were non-vascular plants. Asexual reproduction is the main method of reproduction in bryophytes. It occurs through the production of spores. Though bryophytes live on the land, they require water for fertilization. The sperms of bryophytes swim through water to the eggs with the help of their flagella. So bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom. They include Mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

Thallophyta are mostly non-motile primitive plant organisms which show simple body forms. These forms mainly include Algae, fungi, etc. These plant bodies do not contain roots, stems and leaves. They are mostly found in wet and moist places and are mainly autotrophic in nature. Lichens, mosses are also included in thallophytes.

Pteridophytes are vascular plants which contain roots, leaves and stems. These are also called cryptograms as they don’t produce flowers and seeds. They contain vascular systems ( xylem and phloem). These plants mainly include ferns, clubmosses, spikemosses, etc and reproduce by means of spores.

Note: All the analyses indicate that land plants first appeared about 500 million years ago, during the Cambrian period, when the development of multicellular animal species took off.