Question

Archegoniophore is present in
A. Marchantia
B. Chara
C. Adiantum
D. Funaria

Answer 1

Hint: Sexual reproduction occurs by the formation of archegoniophore. Archegoniophore bears the female sex organs archegonia. Archegonia are formed on the lower surface of the gametophyte near the apical notch, region of the most rapid cell division.

Complete answer
>A. Marchantia:
They belong to the group liverworts (Bryophytes). The gametophytic plant body of liverworts is usually leaf like which gives the appearance of liver e.g. Marchantia. The vegetative plant body of Marchantia is a dorsiventral lobed thallus. It is dichotomously branched. Lower surface bears unicellular and unbranched rhizords which penetrate into the soil.
Asexual reproduction in Marchantia is by the gemmae which detach from gemmee cup and produce new plants.
Sexual reproduction occurs by the formation of sex organs borne on special branches.
The male “antheridia '' which are born on antheridiophore, they produce flagellated antherozoids of sperms.
The female reproductive organs are “archegonia”. They were born on special stalked branches called archegoniophores. Each archegonium is differentiated into neck and water. The egg is enclosed inside the venter. After fertilization, the egg becomes zygote (2N) which grows to produce sporophyte. The sporophyte of bryophytes is called sproganuim. Sporogonium of Marchantia is very small and differentiated into foat, seta and capsule. In the capsule, diploid mother cells divide by maoris and produce haploid spores which are dispersed by wind.
>B. Chara: Chara is a member of Chlorophyceae and is commonly called green algae. They are found in freshwater chard and are commonly known as “stonewort”. Its plant body is encrusted with calcium and magnesium carbonate especially on the plants growing in heavy water, Thus chara becomes harder and is called stonewort. They grow in ponds, fresh water, lakes, tanks etc. Chara has cylindrical, whorled branches with 6 to 16 branches around each node.
>C. Adiantum: It belongs to ferns (pteridophytes) commonly called walking fern because it propagates vegetatively by its leaf tips. It is also called “maidenhair fern.
>D. Funaria: It belongs to mosses (Bryophytes) it is known as common mass or green mass or cord mass. The mass plant body of Funaria is gametophyte and is of two forms:
(i) Juvenile form – creeping protonema
(ii) Adult form – Leafy gametophyte

Hence the correct option is (A) Marchantia.

Note: Marchantia is a liverwort (under bryophytes) Bryophytes are called Amphibians of the plant kingdom. They are found in moist and shady places. Some common examples are – Marchantia, Funaria, sphagnum, Anthoceros etc.