Question

An early name of mitochondrion was
(a)Fila
(b)Sarcosome
(c)Bioplast
(d)All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. Also known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.

Complete answer:
Kolliker was the first who observed the granules (mitochondria) in muscle cells of insects in 1880. He termed them as 'sarcosomes'. Sarcosome is a large unique mitochondria found in a striated muscle fiber.
Flemming named the mitochondria as fila in 1882 for thread-like structure.
Richard Altmann gave the name bioblasts in 1890. Altmann proposed that the bioblasts were basic living units within cells that were responsible for metabolic processes.
Additional information:
The most important function of mitochondria is to produce energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It is also involved in the following process:
-Regulates the metabolic activity of the cell
-Promotes the growth of new cells and cell multiplication
-Helps in detoxifying ammonia in the liver cells
-Plays an important role in apoptosis or programmed cell death
-It is also involved in various cellular activities like cellular differentiation, cell signalling, cell senescence, controlling the cell cycle and also in cell growth.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Note: -Muscle cells are the only cells with more number of mitochondria. This is mainly because the muscles require more energy for their mobility and other muscular activities.
-Any irregularity in the way mitochondria functions can directly affect human health, but often, it is difficult to identify because symptoms differ from person to person. Disorders of the mitochondria can be slightly severe; in some cases, it can even cause an organ to fail.
Fig: Mitochondria-