Question

An animal cell, a plant cell and a bacterium share the following structural features.
A. Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles
B. Cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria
C. Cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm
D. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes.

Answer 1

Hint: Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Based on the presence of a nucleus, cells are classified as eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Plant cells and animal cells are eukaryotic, while bacterial cells are prokaryotic. The nucleus is present in animal and plant cells whereas, absent in the bacterial cell.

Complete answer: Plasma membrane: It is the phospholipid bilayer. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable in nature, i.e. it allows certain substances to pass through it. Plasma-membrane is a membrane that encloses the cytoplasm. The function of the plasma membrane is to separate the cell interior from the external environment. It has a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail. The Cytoplasm is a fluid content of the cell present inside the plasma membrane. Cell organelles are embedded in cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is present in animal cells, plant cells and in the bacterial cell as well. Ribosomes are small granules present in the cytoplasm. It is the site for protein synthesis. They are found floating in the cytoplasm or are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosome plays a vital role in the translation process. The ribosome in prokaryotes is the 70S and in eukaryotes, the ribosome is 80S.
So, an animal cell, a plant cell and a bacterium share the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Note: The cell wall is absent in an animal cell. The membrane-bound organelles are absent in bacteria. Centrioles are present in animal cells and are absent in plant and bacterial cells. Plasmids are present in plant cells only. Mitochondria are present in an animal cell, plant cell, and bacterial cell.